Analysis of multiple-herbicide resistant Amaranthus palmeri populations from Spain points to an introduction of the eccDNA from America

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dc.contributor.authorManicardi, Alfredo
dc.contributor.authorMora, Germán
dc.contributor.authorAraujo, André Lucas Simões
dc.contributor.authorGaines, Todd A.
dc.contributor.authorLozano-Juste, Jorge
dc.contributor.authorTorra Farré, Joel
dc.date.accessioned2025-07-31T08:31:34Z
dc.date.available2025-07-31T08:31:34Z
dc.date.issued2025
dc.description.abstractThe herbicide-resistant invasive weed species Amaranthus palmeri threatens agricultural production and native plant ecology in Spain, as well as in other European countries. Understanding whether herbicide resistance alleles evolve in situ or are introduced via gene flow remains unclear. To address this, we characterized multiple resistance to acetolactate synthase (ALS)-- and 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3phosphate synthase (EPSPS)-inhibiting herbicides in two Spanish A. palmeri populations at the plant level. Additionally, we analyzed the extra-chromosomal circular DNA (eccDNA) to determine whether glyphosate resistance resulted from local selection pressure or was introduced by gene flow. RESULTS: Both populations exhibit individuals that survived both herbicide MoA, with multiple resistance mechanisms to ALS- and EPSPS-inhibiting herbicides. Eight different ALS allele mutations were identified in resistant plants, including Pro-197-Ile, reported only in one species previously. Glyphosate resistance in the two populations is to the result of gene duplication mediated by eccDNA. Spanish and North American eccDNAs showed complete identity, with no single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) found between the partial analyzed sequences of noncoding regions. CONCLUSION: We confirm for the first time in Europe resistance to ALS and EPSPS inhibitors at both the population and individual levels in two Spanish A. palmeri populations. The absence of SNPs in the eccDNA from Spanish populations compared to the reference American sequence and the presence of target-site mutations in the ALS gene occurred without selective pressure from ALS herbicides, suggests that the origin of resistance traits may have evolved elsewhere and been introduced from the place of origin to Spain. However, it is important to note that the limited number of populations studied and the partial sequencing of eccDNA do not provide definitive confirmation of the exact origins of resistance mechanisms. This work raises concerns about the arrival of this and potentially other new herbicide-resistant A. palmeri populations in Europe posing challenges for management.
dc.description.sponsorshipWe would like to acknowledge Maria Casamitjana Escobedo (University of Lleida) for providing technical support for plant growth. Her contributions were important to the completion of this study. This work has been supported by the Spanish State Research Agency, Spain (AEI) and the European Regional Development Fund, EU (ERDF) through the project PID2020\u2010113229RB\u2010C42. Joel Torra acknowledges support from the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation, and Universities. This project has received funding from the European Union's H2020 research and innovation program under Marie Sklodowska\u2010Curie grant agreement No 801586. Work at J.L\u2010J.'s group is funded by Spanish MCIN/AEI/PID2021\u2010128826OAI00, RYC2020\u2010029097\u2010I, (CISEJI/2022/26) grants and the AGROALNEXT program supported by MCIN with funding from European Union NextGenerationEU (PRTR\u2010C17.I1) and by Generalitat Valenciana. This work was conducted under the auspices of the research network PalmerNET funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (RED2022\u2010134285\u2010T).
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.1002/ps.70034
dc.identifier.issn1526-498X
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10459.1/468474
dc.language.isoeng
dc.publisherJohn Wiley and Sons Ltd
dc.relationinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2017-2020/PID2020-113229RB-C42/ES/INTEGRACION DE HERRAMIENTAS AGRONOMICAS Y TECNOLOGICAS EN LA DETECCION Y MANEJO DE MALAS HIERBAS/
dc.relation.isformatofReproducció del document publicat a https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.70034
dc.relation.ispartofPest Management Science, 2025, vol. 81, núm. 10, p. 6807-6819
dc.relation.projectIDinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/H2020/801586/EU/IberusTalent
dc.rightscc-by (c) Manicardi et al., 2025
dc.rightsAttribution 4.0 International*
dc.rights.accessRightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/*
dc.subjectALS-resistance
dc.subjectExtrachromosomal circular DNA
dc.subjectGlyphosate-resistance
dc.titleAnalysis of multiple-herbicide resistant Amaranthus palmeri populations from Spain points to an introduction of the eccDNA from America
dc.typeinfo:eu-repo/semantics/article
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