Integration of environmental, social and governance (ESG) into the supply chain of ammonia: Case study of Africa

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dc.contributor.authorTran, Nam Nghiep
dc.contributor.authorPenna, Lucy Kate
dc.contributor.authorHeath, Isla May
dc.contributor.authorArshad, Muhammad Yousaf
dc.contributor.authorEscribà i Gelonch, Marc
dc.contributor.authorTejada, Jose Luis Osorio
dc.contributor.authorSarafraz, Mohammad Mohsen
dc.contributor.authorSuberu, John
dc.contributor.authorFregene, Martin
dc.contributor.authorRolfe, Bernard
dc.contributor.authorHessel, Volker
dc.date.accessioned2025-07-22T11:00:39Z
dc.date.available2025-07-22T11:00:39Z
dc.date.issued2025-06
dc.description.abstractAmmonia is a cornerstone of global agricultural productivity, yet its traditional production and distribution systems remain highly centralised, carbon-intensive, and often inaccessible in under-resourced regions. An integration of ESG factors into a decentralised ammonia supply chain model, using Africa as a case study to highlight broader global relevance and overcoming a research gap in financial engineering and business strategies. The research investigates the feasibility of deploying small-scale, locally distributed production facilities as an alternative to conventional large-scale models, particularly in regions facing high transport costs and limited infrastructure. Innovative, low-emission technologies, such as high thermal plasma, mini-Haber-Bosch systems and others are evaluated for their techno-economic potential, including the application of environmental credits and future carbon tax scenarios. A comprehensive supply chain simulation demonstrates that decentralised ammonia production can achieve competitive costs of USD 232 per tonne when ESG-aligned strategies are applied. Beyond cost-efficiency, the study offers a strategic framework to operationalise ESG integration in global fertiliser supply chains, with implications for climate resilience, local economic development, and long-term food security in emerging markets.
dc.identifier10.1016/j.sftr.2025.100893
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.sftr.2025.100893
dc.identifier.issn2666-1888
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10459.1/468428
dc.language.isoeng
dc.publisherElsevier
dc.relation.isformatofReproducció del document publicat a https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sftr.2025.100893
dc.relation.ispartofSustainable Futures, 2025, vol. 10, núm. 100893
dc.relation.ispartofseriesSUSTAINABLE FUTURES
dc.rightscc-by-nc, (c) Dalfó et al., 2025
dc.rightsAttribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International*
dc.rights.accessRightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/*
dc.subjectESG
dc.subjectAfrica
dc.subjectAmmonia
dc.subjectSupply chain
dc.subjectPlasma
dc.titleIntegration of environmental, social and governance (ESG) into the supply chain of ammonia: Case study of Africa
dc.typeinfo:eu-repo/semantics/article
dc.type.versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
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