Publicacions de projectes finançats per la Unió Europea

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https://repositori.udl.cat/handle/10459.1/44504

Publicacions resultants de les investigacions finançades pel 7è Programa Marc, pel Programa H2020 i l’European Research Council de la Unió Europea, recollides en el Projecte OpenAIRE (Open Access Infraestructure for Research in Europe) que promou l’accés obert a Europa.

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Open Access
Stakeholders' critical perception of diversification strategies in cereal-based rotations
(Elsevier, 2026) Rezgui, Ferdaous; Blanc, Louise; Plaza Bonilla, Daniel; Lampurlanés Castel, Jorge; Dordas, Christos; Papakaloudis, Paschalis; Michalitsis, Andreas; Hossard, Laure; Lambarraa-Lehnhardt, Fatima; Bellingrath-Kimura, Sonoko D.; Paul, Carsten; Reckling, Moritz
Agriculture has long been at the core of Mediterranean culture, resulting in multifunctional landscapes and diverse ecosystem services. In Mediterranean Europe, policy favored specialized agriculture, and reversing this trend has proven difficult. Diversification of crop rotations holds ecological benefits, yet adoption remains low. The objective of this study was to accompany Spanish and Greek stakeholders in a structured learning process beginning with the co-design of available diversification options. It continued with an ex-ante assessment of agri-environmental, social, and economic performance of these options, followed by a co-evaluation step where stakeholders rated both the assessed performances and the indicators used. These ratings were analyzed using an importance-performance matrix. Finally, the adoption likelihood of diversification was predicted using the Adoption and Diffusion Outcome Prediction (ADOPT) tool. The ex-ante assessment revealed that legumes, rapeseed, and intercropping systems generally outperformed continuous cereal cropping in the agri-environmental and social dimensions but not economically, with a profit reduction of up to 12 %. From the stakeholders’ ratings, we learned that they placed the greatest importance on the economic indicators. In contrast, the agri-environmental dimension was given little importance even when energy use indicators increased by 5–42 %. Likewise, diversified systems offered notable social benefits, such as reduced workload by up to 29 %, but social aspects were ranked as less important. This divergent performance of the diversified options was translated into low adoption rates. Legume systems reached a 23–28 % adoption rate in 8–10 years, while intercropping reached 14 % in 17 years, and rapeseed systems reached only 4–5 % in 9–11 years. Economic performance emerged as the main barrier to the adoption of diversification. This study evaluated the impacts of different diversification options available to local farmers from both scientific and a local stakeholder perspective. This process can be adapted to other regions to create shared knowledge, thus enabling a wide range of actors to better understand diversification impacts. This knowledge gain affects the stakeholder’s capacity to adopt diversification options and, beforehand, their willingness to do so.
Open Access
Soil management in organic rainfed vineyards in the Penedès region (Catalonia, NE Spain) with cover crops and mulches. Effects on weed flora and vine vigor
(Frontiers Media SA, 2026) Cabrera Pérez, Carlos; Llorens Calveras, Jordi; Escolà i Agustí, Alexandre; Baraibar Padró, Bàrbara; Torres-Viñals, Montse; Torres-Maczassek, Mireia; Recasens i Guinjuan, Jordi
In Mediterranean organic vineyards, repeated mechanical tillage is the standard strategy for weed control, but it contributes to soil degradation, fuel consumption, and carbon emissions. This study evaluated alternative soil management practices—cover crops in the alleyways and organic mulches under the vine row—to reduce tillage while maintaining weed suppression and vine vigor. Two field trials were conducted over two growing seasons (2021–2022), characterized by exceptionally dry conditions, in a rainfed Vitis vinifera L. cv. Chardonnay organic vineyard in the Penedès region, NE Spain. In the alleyways, two winter grasses (Hordeum vulgare and Lolium multiflorum) were sown and compared to traditional tillage management. Under the vine row, an organic pine wood chip mulch was compared to a tilled control Weed cover, vine vigor (i.e. yield, pruning weight, exposed leaf area), and canopy geometry and structure (using the principle of light detection and ranging, LiDAR) were recorded and analyzed. Cover crops effectively suppressed weeds (<10% cover), but also reduced vine vigor in both years, particularly under these extreme drought conditions. LiDAR-derived data confirmed significantly smaller canopy dimensions in vine rows bordered by cover crops compared to those between tilled alleyways. The pine mulch maintained low weed pressure and supported vine growth, showing persistence over two seasons. These results highlight the potential of organic mulching as a sustainable alternative to mechanical under-vine in-row tillage in dryland vineyards. However, the competitive impact of alleyway cover crops on vine performance must be carefully considered in water-limited environments.
Open Access
Alterations in Gut Microbiome in Cirrhosis as Assessed by Quantitative Metagenomics: Relationship With Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure and Prognosis
(Elsevier, 2021) Solé, Cristina; Guilly, Susie; Da Silva, Kevin; Llopis, Marta; Le-Chatelier, Emmanuelle; Huelin Álvarez, Patricia; Carol, Marta; Moreira, Rebeca; Fabrellas, Núria; De Prada, Gloria; Napoleone, Laura; Graupera, Isabel; Pose, Elisa; Juanola, Adrià; Borruel, Natalia; Berland, Magali; Toapanta, David; Casellas, Francesc; Guarner, Francisco; Doré, Jöel; Solà, Elsa; Ehrlich, Stanislav Dusko; Ginès, Pere
Cirrhosis is associated with changes in gut microbiome composition. Although acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) is the most severe clinical stage of cirrhosis, there is lack of information about gut microbiome alterations in ACLF using quantitative metagenomics. We investigated the gut microbiome in patients with cirrhosis encompassing the whole spectrum of disease (compensated, acutely decompensated without ACLF, and ACLF). A group of healthy subjects was used as control subjects.
Open Access
Flow chemistry synthesis and sustainability assessment for choline chloride, a deep eutectic solvent constituent
(Royal Society of Chemistry, 2026-02) Escribà i Gelonch, Marc; Hessel, Volker; Long, Nguyen Van Duc; Canela-Garayoa, Ramon
The continuous use of traditional solvents is not aligned with green chemistry principles, driving interest in natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) as sustainable alternatives. This paper presents a two-step continuous-flow process for choline chloride production only from common biomass-derived precursors. Using water as the solvent, the method delivers 99% pure choline chloride and can generate NaCl as a byproduct depending on the base used. With a residence time of just 1 minute, the process reaches full conversion, achieving a 20-fold improvement in productivity compared to batch operation and enabling annual throughputs of up to half a ton per microcapillary. A comprehensive sustainability assessment highlights the advantages of using choline hydroxide (Ch-OH) as the base. When using Ch-OH, the process requires substantially less material and generates no byproducts, leading to a 51% reduction in energy demand and a 24% decrease in overall environmental impacts relative to NaOH. These benefits arise from lower input requirements, reduced wastewater generation, and higher process efficiency. Circularity performance also improves with Ch-OH, and life cycle assessment confirms that increased productivity outweighs the higher impacts associated with its production. Overall, the combined flow chemistry and Ch-OH strategy offers a highly efficient and more sustainable route to choline chloride.
Open Access
Incubation time and size effects of biodegradable mulch microplastics on lettuce plantlets in vitro
(MDPI, 2026) Henrion, Mathilde; Martin-Closas, Lluis; Lynch, Iseult; Pelacho Aja, Ana Mª
The use of biodegradable mulch films (BDM) in agriculture has raised concerns about the potential impact of the microplastics (MPs) they release over time, after the BDM’s useful life. The effects of BDM MPs have been explored through a diversity of assays, with still poorly understood and frequently contrasting results. Furthermore, the impact on plants as the MPs evolve in size and as a function of residence time in the soil remains largely unexplored. Through a controlled in vitro lettuce culture, this study explores the effect of BDM MPs size, using fractions 5 to <0.2 mm and pre-incubation times of 0 to 8 weeks, on plant development. Short incubation times, of 1 and 2 weeks, and freshly adding the BDM MPs inhibited plantlet growth, with smaller MPs inducing stronger effects. In contrast, longer MPs incubation, of 8 weeks, promoted plantlet development, enhancing leaf and particularly root elongation while reducing lateral root branching. The effects on roots were more pronounced, as the MPs size decreased. Germination and photosynthetic pigments were unaffected by any treatment. Overall, BDM MPs’ impact on plants was mainly driven by particle size and incubation time in the medium prior to seeding, with adverse effects on plant development observed at short incubation times that were no longer present when incubation was extended. These findings highlight the need to unravel the dynamic and temporal nature of the BDM MPs’ interaction with plants

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