Articles publicats (Ciència i Enginyeria Forestal i Agrícola)
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- ItemOpen AccessBarrel: an R package for reproducible and tidy ordination plotting in ecology(Wiley, 2026) Barranco-Elena, Diego; Baraibar Padró, BàrbaraAimOrdination methods are widely used in vegetation science to summarize multivariate patterns in species composition and environmental gradients. Although statistical tools for fitting ordination models are well developed in R, tools for producing tidy, reproducible, and extensible way remain fragmented. We present barrel, an R package that provides a modular grammar for ecological ordination plotting based on the ggplot2 ecosystem.Methodsbarrel implements a consistent interface for adding ordination elements such as confidence ellipses, group centroids, and environmental vectors to ordination diagrams. The package supports both unconstrained and constrained ordination methods and includes automatic axis labeling, significance-based filtering, and multiple geometric representations. The package also supports both classical and robust estimation of group ellipses for graphical summaries in the presence of ecological outliers.Resultsbarrel enables the rapid construction of reproducible ordination graphics through two complementary interfaces: autoplot() for automated figure generation and stat_barrel_*() layers for advanced customization within ggplot2. The package facilitates exploratory analysis, teaching, and the production of publication-quality ordination figures across a wide range of ecological applications.Conclusionsbarrel provides a reproducible and extensible framework for ordination plotting in R that unifies common ecological visualization workflows within a tidy and customizable grammar-of-graphics approach.
- ItemOpen AccessEffects of rearing density on growth, adult emergenceand survival in the edible cricket gryllodes sigillatus(Wiley, 2026) Cruz, Diego; Eizaguirre Altuna, MatildeGryllodes sigillatus is an increasingly important species in edible insect production, yet the optimal rearing density for this spe-cies under commercial conditions remains poorly defined. This study evaluated the effects of five rearing densities (1.5, 2, 2.5,3 and 4 mL of newly hatched nymphs, corresponding to approximately 0.144–0.385 crickets/cm 2) on survival, adult emergence,mean individual body weight, absolute number of adults and residual nymphs and total biomass per container in a completelyrandomized design with nine replicates per treatment. At Day 60, rearing density affected all measured variables except totalbiomass per container. Adult emergence probability declined progressively with increasing density, from 0.422 at 1.5 mL to 0.175at 4 mL, while mean individual body weight was higher at the two lowest densities compared to all higher treatments. Survivalprobability was significantly reduced only at the highest density tested (4 mL) relative to 2.5 mL. The absolute number of adultsper container was significantly greater at 2.5 mL than at 1.5 and 2 mL, reflecting the compensatory effect of larger initial cohortsize. Conversely, the number of residual nymphs increased markedly with density, indicating progressive developmental delayunder crowded conditions. Total biomass did not differ across treatments, demonstrating that gains in individual weight at lowdensity were offset by lower absolute survival, rendering total yield effectively density-independent within the range tested.These results reveal that the identity of the optimal rearing density depends on the production objective: within the range tested,1.5 mL maximises individual quality and developmental completeness, while 2.5 mL maximises absolute adult yield per con-tainer, though lower densities than those evaluated here may further improve individual performance.
- ItemOpen AccessPro-197 mutations confer resistance to thiencarbazone but not to foramsulfuron in ALS-resistant Poa annua populations(Wiley, 2026) Vijaya Bhaskar, Alwarnaidu Vijayarajan; Vijayakumar, Iniya; Ruiz-Partida, Rafa; Torra Farré, Joel; Lozano-Juste, Jorge; Runge, Fabian; Dermot Forristal, PatrickBackground: Poa annua is currently a lower-priority arable weed in Ireland; however, increasing target-site resistance to acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitors and declining availability of non-ALS herbicides highlight emerging control challenges. ALS-inhibiting co-formulations of foramsulfuron + thiencarbazone have been specifically developed for use in herbicide-tolerant beet varieties. While foramsulfuron can control grass weeds carrying specific target-site mutations, its efficacy within the co-formulation on ALS-resistant populations remains unknown. We addressed this knowledge gap using genetic characterisation, dose-response and interaction analyses, and ligand docking modelling in 12 independently evolved, ALS-resistant, Poa annua populations carrying Pro-197 or Trp-574 mutations. Results: All Pro-197 variants (Thr, Gln or Ala) were thiencarbazone-resistant (resistance index (RI) = 20.9-33.3) but remained foramsulfuron-sensitive (2.5-4), while the co-formulation showed reduced efficacy (5.5-6.2). Interaction analyses showed no overall deviation from additivity for Pro-197 populations (P > 0.05), although antagonism occurred at reduced rates (P < 0.05). Structural modelling and ligand docking analyses indicated that most Pro-197 substitutions did not alter the ALS catalytic tunnel. Foramsulfuron retained extensive hydrogen-bonding and electrostatic interactions, with a more favourable binding free energy than thiencarbazone, which showed fewer interactions and a less favourable free energy. Trp-574-Leu variants exhibited cross-resistance to all treatments, consistent with disruption of key binding interactions. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that foramsulfuron + thiencarbazone efficacy on Pro-197-resistant Poa annua populations is poor, despite these populations being sensitive to foramsulfuron used alone. Consequently, this co-formulation, developed for ALS-tolerant beet, should be restricted to fields without ALS-resistant weeds to ensure effective in-crop control and avoid selection for resistance. © 2026 The Author(s). Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
- ItemOpen AccessAssessing community and protected area exposure to wildfires in Navarra, Spain(MDPI, 2026) Alcasena, Fermín; Ager, Alan; Loján, Julia; Pinto, Isabel; García, Ignacio; Gelabert Vadillo, Pere Joan; Repáraz, Mikel; Molina, CristóbalThe unprecedented 2022 wildfire season in Navarra, northern Spain, marked a turning point in regional wildfire management, when seven simultaneous large fires during a June heatwave burned more than 17,000 ha in just a few days, overwhelming suppression capacity and highlighting the limits of a strategy based primarily on ignition prevention and fire suppression. In this study, we implemented a stochastic wildfire modeling system based on the Minimum Travel Time algorithm, historical ignition patterns, spatial fuel data, and spatiotemporal weather variability to assess community and protected area exposure to wildfire. We simulated more than 50,000 fire season replicates under extreme fire weather conditions, estimating annual burn probability across fire intensity classes at 50 m spatial resolution. We then intersected modeled fire perimeters with building footprints representing residential and industrial structures, as well as protected areas, to assess the spatial distribution of exposure across the region. Results showed strong concentration of community exposure, with three fourths of residential and industrial exposure concentrated in just over one third of the total municipal area. Across Navarra, mean annual modeled exposure summed to 120 residential buildings and 16 industrial structures. Across the protected area network, mean annual burned area summed to 90 ha year−1, including 68 ha year−1 at flame lengths greater than 2.5 m, while burned forest area was 16 ha year−1. Protected areas in southern Navarra and forested protected areas in central and northern Navarra showed the highest modeled exposure, identifying priority landscapes where prevention, restoration, and evaluation of managed fire options could support more resilient ecosystems. This study provides a scientific basis for improving wildfire risk governance and strengthening the resilience of communities and protected areas under increasing wildfire pressure in the region.
- ItemOpen AccessThe opinions of first adopters in the introduction of Bt maize in Spain: a success story(Czech Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 2026) Clop i Gallart, Maria Mercè; Estruch Bosch, Esther; Juárez, María Isabel; Viladrich i Grau, MontserratSpain is one of the few EU countries that adopted genetically modified maize as a crop (1998) and has continued to harvest it ever since. This article aims to contribute to the history of the adoption of transgenic maize in the EU, where the Mediterranean (Sesamia nonagrioides) and European (Ostrinia nubilalis) corn borers are two of the most destructive pests. Our aim is to identify Spanish farmers' motivations and opinions on adopting this technology. Our model is a binary logistic regression that estimates the probability of adopting Bt maize. Our results reveal that the odds of adopting Bt are at least 44.0 times greater if the farm is in an area with corn borer infestation episodes than if it is not. The odds of adopting Bt are at least 4.9 times greater if farmers place a high importance on economic outcomes than if they do not. More adopters than non-adopters believe that Bt corn causes less damage to the environment than sulphates against the borer. No other opinion variable was clearly significant. We conclude that the most important reasons for Bt adoption were exposure to corn borer and concerns about the economic losses the borer could cause to the crop.