Infermeria i Fisioteràpia

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Open Access
A qualitative content analysis of nurses' perceptions about readiness to manage intimate partner violence
(John Wiley & Sons, 2021) Briones Vozmediano, Erica Tula; Otero García, Laura; Gea Sánchez, Montserrat; Fuentes, Susana De; García Quinto, Marta; Vives Cases, Carmen; Maquibar, Amaia
Aims: To explore the perceptions of nurses on the factors that influence their readi-ness to manage intimate partner violence (IPV) in Spain. Design: Qualitative content analysis based on data from six different regions in Spain (Murcia, Region of Valencia, Castile and Leon, Cantabria, Catalonia, Aragon) collected between 2014 and 2016. Methods: 37 personal interviews were carried out with nurses from 27 primary health care (PHC) centres and 10 hospitals. We followed the consolidated criteria for re-porting qualitative research guidelines. Qualitative content analysis was supported by Atlas.ti and OpenCode. Results: The results are organised into four categories corresponding to (1) acknowl-edging IPV as a health issue. An ongoing process; (2) the Spanish healthcare system and PHC service: a favourable space to address IPV although with some limitations; (3) nurses as a key figure for IPV in coordinated care and (4) factors involved in nurses' autonomy in their response to IPV, with their respective subcategories. Conclusion: In practice, nurses perceive responding to IPV as a personal choice, despite the institutional mandate to address IPV as a health issue. There is a need to increase continuous training and ensure IPV is included in the curriculum in uni-versity nursing undergraduate degrees, by disseminating the existing IPV protocols. Furthermore, coordination between healthcare professionals needs to be improved in terms of all levels of care and with other institutions.
Open Access
Abordaje integral de la persona con una lesión neoplásica cutánea
(Sociedad Española de Enfermería Geriátrica y Gerontológica, 2021) Panadés Cabré, Judit; Blanco Blanco, Joan
Introducción: Las lesiones neoplásicas cutáneas generan un elevado impacto en salud por la complejidad de su abordaje sintomatológico y las complicaciones asociadas, entre las que destaca el impacto emocional que provocan tanto en el paciente como en la familia. Es muy importante detectar las necesidades del paciente y, en ausencia de un horizonte curativo, brindar bienestar y confortabilidad, mejorando así la calidad de vida. Desarrollo del plan de cuidados: Se desarrolla un plan de cuidados estandarizado basado en la mejor evidencia científica disponible para atender las necesidades de una mujer de 65 años que presenta una herida neoplásica de 6 meses de evolución en la zona pectoral. Se proponen diagnósticos enfermeros basados en la taxonomía NANDA I, criterios de resultados (NOC) y las intervenciones enfermeras (NIC), así como las actividades correspondientes basadas en la evidencia científica. Se formulan los problemas de colaboración y complicaciones potenciales. Discusión y conclusiones: La valoración holística del paciente con enfermedad neoplásica y el abordaje integral mediante un equipo multidisciplinar son factores clave para brindar al paciente y a su familia, en ausencia de objetivos curativos, la mejor calidad de vida posible.
Open Access
ABP, estudio de casos y metodología tradicional: una experiencia concreta en el grado en enfermería
(CIDUI Congrés Internacional de Docència Universitària i Innovació, 2014) Roca Llobet, Judith; Reguant Álvarez, Mercedes; Canet Vélez, Olga
En tres grupos del Grado en Enfermería, se utilizaron las estrategias docentes: ABP, estudio de casos y metodología tradicional para abordar el tema Paciente oncológico. Presentamos una prueba de rendimiento, cuyo objetivo fue medir el grado de desarrollo de competencias, incluyendo desde la asimilación de conceptos, su reflexión teórica, expresión de posibles relaciones causales y toma de decisiones sobre una actuación enfermera concreta, así como sus resultados y la comparación metodológica.
Open Access
Access and utilization of social and health services as a social determinant of health: The case of undocumented Latin American immigrant women working in Lleida (Catalonia, Spain)
(John Wiley & Sons Ltd, 2015) Gea Sánchez, Montserrat; Gastaldo, Denise; Molina, Fidel; Otero García, Laura
Although Spain has social and healthcare systems based on universal coverage, little is known about how undocumented immigrant women access and utilise them. This is particularly true in the case of Latin Americans who are overrepresented in the informal labour market, taking on traditionally female roles of caregivers and cleaners in private homes. This study describes access and utilisation of social and healthcare services by undocumented Latin American women working and living in rural and urban areas, and the barriers these women may face. An exploratory qualitative study was designed with 12 in-depth interviews with Latin American women living and working in three different settings: an urban city, a rural city and rural villages in the Pyrenees. Interviews were recorded, transcribed and analysed, yielding four key themes: health is a tool for work which worsens due to precarious working conditions; lack of legal status traps Latin American women in precarious jobs; lack of access to and use of social services; and limited access to and use of healthcare services. While residing and working in different areas of the province impacted the utilisation of services, working conditions was the main barrier experienced by the participants. In conclusion, decent working conditions are the key to ensuring undocumented immigrant women's right to social and healthcare. To create a pathway to immigrant women's health promotion, the 'trap of illegality' should be challenged and the impact of being considered 'illegal' should be considered as a social determinant of health, even where the right to access services is legal
Open Access
Access to and use of sexual and reproductive health services provided by midwives among rural immigrant women in Spain: midwives’ perspectives
(Co-Action Publishing, 2013) Otero García, Laura; Goicolea, Isabel; Gea Sánchez, Montserrat; Sanz-Barbero, Belen
Background: There is insufficient information regarding access and participation of immigrant women in Spain in sexual and reproductive health programs. Recent studies show their lower participation rate in gynecological cancer screening programs; however, little is known about the participation in other sexual and reproductive health programs by immigrant women living in rural areas with high population dispersion. Objectives: The objective of this study is to explore the perceptions of midwives who provide these services regarding immigrant women’s access and participation in sexual and reproductive health programs offered in a rural area. Design: A qualitative study was performed, within a larger ethnographic study about rural primary care, with data collection based on in-depth interviews and field notes. Participants were the midwives in primary care serving 13 rural basic health zones (BHZ) of Segovia, a region of Spain with high population dispersion. An interview script was designed to collect information about midwives’ perceptions on immigrant women’s access to and use of the healthcare services that they provide. Interviews were recorded and transcribed with participant informed consent. Data were analyzed based on the qualitative content analysis approach and triangulation of results with fieldwork notes. Results: Midwives perceive that immigrants in general, and immigrant women in particular, underuse family planning services. This underutilization is associated with cultural differences and gender inequality. They also believe that the number of voluntary pregnancy interruptions among immigrant women is elevated and identify childbearing and childrearing-related tasks and the language barrier as obstacles to immigrant women accessing the available prenatal and postnatal healthcare services. Conclusions: Immigrant women’s underutilization of midwifery services may be linked to the greater number of unintended pregnancies, pregnancy terminations, and the delay in the first prenatal visit, as discerned by midwives. Future research should involve samples of immigrant women themselves, to provide a deeper understanding of the current knowledge, attitudes, and practices of the immigrant population regarding reproductive and sexual health to provide better health services.
Open Access
Actividades de aprendizaje tradicionales y nuevas metodologías docentes como la simulación: Valoración de los estudiantes de enfermería
(CIDUI Congrés Internacional de Docència Universitària i Innovació, 2016) Guitard Quer, Alba; Guitard Sein-Echaluce, Ma. Luisa
Objetivos: Valorar dificultad y aprendizaje sobre las actividades incluidas en una asignatura de 1er curso del grado de enfermería. Conocer la opinión sobre la simulación clínica. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo transversal mediante 2 encuestas de opinión a los 111 estudiantes. Resultados: Actividades de mayor aprendizaje simulación y seminarios de casos y más difíciles simulación y examen final. Simulación: Ayuda a pensar críticamente y aprenden al hacer y al observar a sus compañeros.
Open Access
Adaptación transcultural y validación psicométrica en lengua española de la escala Perineal Assessment Tool para la evaluación de la dermatitis por incontinencia
(Sociedad Española de Enfermería Geriátrica y Gerontológica, 2020-01-07) Alexandre Lozano, Sandra; Barallat Gimeno, Eva; Torra-Bou, Joan Enric; García-Martínez, Ester; Blanco Blanco, Joan
Introducción: La dermatitis asociada a la incontinencia es un importante problema de salud que puede comprometer la salud de quienes la sufren y representa importantes costes para el Sistema de Salud. La Perineal Assessment Tool es el único instrumento diseñado específicamente para evaluar el riesgo de la dermatitis asociada a la incontinencia. Objetivos: realizar la adaptación transcultural y el análisis de las propiedades psicométricas de la versión española de la Perineal Assessment Tool. Método: Se utilizó un diseño de estudio observacional dividido en tres fases. En la primera fase se llevó a cabo un proceso de traducción y adaptación transcultural de la escala. En la segunda fase, se realizó una prueba piloto (n=15) utilizando un diseño transversal para determinar la viabilidad, la fiabilidad intraobservador e interobservador, y la validez de contenido de la versión española de la escala. Finalmente, en la tercera fase se realizó un estudio transversal utilizando una muestra de 171 pacientes para determinar la prevalencia de dermatitis asociada a la incontinencia y analizar la consistencia interna, la validez de criterio y constructo, la sensibilidad, la especificidad, el valor predictivo positivo y negativo, así como los puntos de corte de la escala. Resultados: En la primera fase, la versión española de la escala Perineal Assessment Tool demostró ser viable, administrable en menos de 3 minutos, fácil de comprender y completar. En la segunda fase, el índice de validez del contenido global de la versión española de la escala Perineal Assessment Tool fue de 0,83; la fiabilidad intraobservador, de 0,98, y la fiabilidad interobservador, de 0,99. En la tercera fase, la versión española de la escala Perineal Assessment Tool mostró una consistencia interna de 0,601 y una correlación significativa con los apartados de humedad de las escalas de valoración de riesgo de úlceras por presión Braden y EMINA. La curva de ROC fue de 0,959 y los mejores valores fueron los presentados en una puntuación de 7, mostrando un valor predictivo positivo del 96,7%, un valor productivo negativo del 0,6%, una sensibilidad del 74,4%, una especificidad del 99,2% y, finalmente, una validez global del 93,6%. Conclusiones: La versión española de la Perineal Assessment Tool ha demostrado ser un instrumento válido y fiable para la evaluación de la dermatitis asociada a la incontinencia en pacientes institucionalizados en el contexto español.
Open Access
Adaptation and Validation of the Diabetic Foot Ulcer Scale-Short Form in Spanish Subjects
(MDPI, 2020) Martínez González, María Dolores; Dòria, Montserrat; Martínez Alonso, Montserrat; Alcubierre Calvo, Núria; Valls, Joan; Verdú-Soriano, José; Granado Casas, Minerva; Mauricio Puente, Dídac
Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is a chronic complication that negatively affects the quality of life (QoL) of diabetic patients. In Spain, there is no specifically designed and validated instrument to assess the QoL of patients with DFU. Our aim was to adapt the Diabetic Foot Ulcer Scale-Short Form (DFS-SF) questionnaire to a Spanish population and validate it. A prospective, observational design was used. The DFS-SF was administered by personal interview. The validated SF-36 and EQ-5D generic instruments were used as reference tools. The reliability, validity, and sensitivity to changes were assessed using standard statistical methods. A sample of 141 patients with DFU was recruited. The content validity was 3.46 on average (maximum score of 4). The internal consistency of the DFS-SF subscales showed a standardized Cronbach’s α range between 0.720 and 0.948. The DFS-SF domains showed excellent reproducibility measures (intraclass correlation coefficient from 0.77–0.92). The criterion validity was good with significant correlations between each DFS-SF subscale and its corresponding SF-36 and EQ-5D subscales (p < 0.001). However, the questionnaire structure was not validated (comparative fit index = 0.844, root mean square error of approximation = 0.095, and standardized root mean square residual = 0.093). The instrument showed high sensitivity to ulcer changes over time (p < 0.001). The adapted and validated Spanish version of the DFS-SF questionnaire has good psychometric properties and shows good sensitivity to ulcer changes, although the construct validity was not optimal. The adapted questionnaire will be a useful tool specifically to assess the QoL in subjects with diabetic foot ulcers in the clinical and research settings in Spain.
Open Access
Advanced Quantitative Lipoprotein Characteristics Do Not Relate to Healthy Dietary Patterns in Adults from a Mediterranean Area
(MDPI, 2021) Rojo López, Marina Idalia; Castelblanco Echavarría, Esmeralda; Real, Jordi; Hernández García, Marta; Falguera, Mireia; Amigó, Núria; Julve, Josep; Alonso, Núria; Franch-Nadal, Josep; Granado Casas, Minerva; Mauricio Puente, Dídac
We aimed to assess the potential relationship between dietary patterns (i.e., Mediterranean diet and healthy eating) and the advanced lipoprotein profile (ALP) in a representative cohort of the Mediterranean population. Thus, ALP data from 1142 participants, including 222 with type 1 (19.4%) and 252 type 2 diabetes (22.1%), and 668 subjects without diabetes were used to study cross-sectional associations between quantitative characteristics of lipoproteins and adherence to the Mediterranean diet. The alternate Mediterranean diet score (aMED) and the alternate healthy eating index (aHEI) were calculated. The ALP was determined by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrometry. Bivariable and multivariable analyses were performed. Participants in the third tertile of the aMED showed higher levels of low-density lipoprotein triglycerides (LDL-TG) (mean (SD) 17.5 (5.0); p = 0.037), large high-density lipoprotein particles (HDL-P) (0.3 (0.1); p = 0.037), and medium low-density lipoprotein particles (LDL-P) (434.0 (143.0); p = 0.037). In comparison with participants in the second and first tertiles of the aHEI, participants in the third tertile had higher levels of LDL-TG (17.7 (5.0); p = 0.010), and large HDL-P (0.3 (0.1); p = 0.002), IDL-C (11.8 (5.0); p = 0.001), intermediate-density lipoprotein triglycerides (IDL-TG) (13.2 (4.2); p < 0.001), LDL-TG (17.7(5.0); p = 0.010), high-density lipoprotein triglycerides (HDL-TG) (14.5 (4.4); p = 0.029,) large HDL-P (0.3 (0.1); p = 0.002) and very–low-density lipoprotein particles (VLDL-P) size (42.1 (0.2); p = 0.011). The adjusted-multivariable analysis for potential confounding variables did not show any association between the lipoproteins and dietary patterns (i.e., aMED and aHEI). In conclusion, none of the quantitative characteristics of lipoproteins were concomitantly associated with the extent of adherence to the Mediterranean diet measured using the aMED or aHEI scores in the studied population. Our findings also revealed that people with the highest adherence were older, had a higher body mass index (BMI) and more frequently had dyslipidemia, hypertension, or diabetes than those with the lowest adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MDiet). Thus, further research may be needed to assess the potential role of the dietary pattern on the ALP.
Open Access
Advertising, obesity and child health: the case of Spain
(BMJ, 2022) Gómez Santos, Santiago Felipe; Rajmil, L.
Open Access
Aerobic and resistance exercises in Parkinson's disease: a narrative review
(Asociación Española de Ciencias del Deporte, 2018-12) Fernández del Olmo, Miguel Ángel; Sánchez, José Andrés; Morenill, Luis; Gómez Varela, Joaquín; Fernández-Lago, Helena; Bello, Olalla; Santos García, Diego
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by rigidity, tremor, bradykinesia, and postural instability. Although dopaminergic therapies ameliorate many of the parkinsonian symptoms, especially in the early stages of the disease, as the disease progresses, efficacy of pharmacological therapy is diminished. Therefore, treatment of these symptoms continues to be a challenge. As a result, a significant number of rehabilitation strategies have been explored in order to improve the functional capability in this population. In the last two decades an interest in the role of physical exercise in the treatment of PD has emerged. In the current review we examine two modalities of exercise that have shown beneficial effects in improving motor action, balance, and gait in patients: aerobic training and resistance training. We conclude that although there are promising results suggesting the use of both modalities of exercises for the motor improvement in PD patients, the mechanism underlying these improvements are unknown and more studies with more defined designs and outcome measures are needed to further explore the impact of these two modalities of exercise on PD.
Open Access
Affectivity and Sexuality in Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder from the Perspective of Education and Healthcare Professionals: A Qualitative Study
(MDPI, 2023) Torralbas Ortega, Jordi; Valls Ibáñez, Victoria; Roca Llobet, Judith; Sastre Rus, Meritxell; Campoy Guerrero, Carme; Sala Corbinos, Dolores; Sánchez Fernández, María
People with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) present several different characteristics that predispose them to greater difficulties with intimate emotional and sexual relationships. This qualitative study uncovers the perspective of education and healthcare professionals on the affective and sexual needs of young people with ASD by analysing their narratives in semi-structured focus group sessions. Professionals highlight the inadequate training they receive in this aspect of health. They consider it should be commonplace for professionals working with autistic people as it would aid their collaborative efforts when treating children and adolescents with ASD. They show that, by working together with the families to establish joint objectives, these professionals can appropriately address sex and affective education, preventing risky behaviours among young people with ASD, and improving the interactions these individuals have with others. Sex and affective education is described as an indispensable tool at this stage of development and should be specially adapted for those with ASD.
Open Access
Análisis de la deshidratación de adultos mayores en una residencia geriátrica de España: prevalencia y factores asociados
(Arán Ediciones, 2021) Botigué, Teresa; Miranda Iglesias, Jessica; Escobar Bravo, Miguel Ángel; Lavedán, Ana; Roca Llobet, Judith; Masot, Olga
Introducción: la deshidratación en las personas mayores institucionalizadas es un problema poco explorado, no habiéndose encontrado evidencia al respecto en relación con las personas mayores del contexto residencial español. Objetivos: estimar la prevalencia de la deshidratación e identificar los factores asociados a la misma en las personas mayores institucionalizadas en una residencia geriátrica. Métodos: estudio descriptivo y transversal. La deshidratación se midió a través del color de la orina. Para la identificación de los factores se seleccionaron variables sociodemográficas, clínicas, funcionales y mentales. Resultados: la muestra total estudiada fue de 96 individuos con una media de edad de 86,6 años (± 7,1), de los cuales el 80,2 % eran mujeres. La prevalencia de la deshidratación fue del 31,3 % (IC 95 %: 22,0 a 40,6). Los factores que se asociaron independientemente a la deshidratación fueron la presencia de ojos hundidos (OR = 8,67; p = 0,004), la baja ingesta hídrica (OR = 3,96; p = 0,041) y el deterioro funcional (OR = 0,97; p = 0,012) y cognitivo (OR = 1,10; p = 0,009). Conclusiones: este estudio permite visibilizar el problema de la deshidratación en las personas mayores institucionalizadas en España. La tabla de colores de la orina puede emplearse de forma rutinaria, no invasiva y con bajo coste, por lo que podría ser el método de elección para la detección de la deshidratación en esta población. Teniendo en cuenta que la deshidratación crónica es la más prevalente en las personas mayores, la identificación de los factores asociados es clave para mejorar su hidratación.
Open Access
Análisis de la esperanza de vida libre de discapacidad a lo largo de la biografía: de la madurez a la vejez
(Sociedad Española de Salud Pública y Administración Sanitaria (SESPAS), 2012) Escobar Bravo, Miguel Ángel; Puga González, Dolores; Martín Baranera, Ma. Montserrat
Objetivo: determinar en qué etapas del curso de vida previo a los setenta años se acortan las expectativas de vida en salud. Método: análisis longitudinal retrospectivo. La población a estudio es una cohorte de 1286 individuos de entre 70 y 74 años de edad que viven en áreas metropolitanas no institucionalizados. La discapacidad se mide mediante el desarrollo de las actividades instrumentales de la vida diaria (AIVD) y las actividades básicas de la vida diaria (ABVD). Se calculan las esperanzas de vida libre de discapacidad y la probabilidades de supervivencia mediante Kaplan-Meier Resultados: La incidencia de discapacidad básica se incrementó a partir del tramo de 50 a 54 años acelerándose progresivamente hasta los 65-69 años donde la probabilidad de padecer discapacidad instrumental fue ligeramente superior en hombres que en mujeres (0,23 en hombres versus 0,19 en mujeres). La supervivencia sin discapacidad de las mujeres fue peor que la de los hombres tanto para cualquier tipo de discapacidad (LogRank = 5,80; p = 0,016) como para la discapacidad básica (LogRank = 4,315; p = 0,038). Conclusiones: se pone de manifiesto el importante peso que para la autonomía de la población masculina de estas edades tiene la falta de habilidad instrumental para cuestiones domésticas. Además, las mujeres ostentan un peor pronóstico de supervivencia sin discapacidad tanto para cualquier tipo de discapacidad como para la discapacidad básica. Para ambos sexos, desde los 40 hasta los 60 años de edad, hay un ligero descenso de la supervivencia sin discapacidad. A partir de esta edad, el descenso se acelera notablemente.
Open Access
Analysis of and reflection on bachelor thesis in nursing students: A descriptive study in Spain
(Elsevier, 2018-09) Roca Llobet, Judith; Gros Navés, Silvia; Canet Vélez, Olga
Introduction The bachelor thesis, a final year subject to obtain a nursing degree, presents an ideal opportunity for the development and assessment of professional competencies. Thus, it is necessary to specify that the structure of the bachelor thesis works as an element of review and reflection from both a pedagogical and professional perspective. Objective To analyse the main elements of the bachelor thesis in the nursing degree 2015–16 in Spain. Methodology A transversal descriptive study was conducted using a quantitative documentary analysis via study guides or grade reports. The variables were the main academic elements of the bachelor thesis subject (credits, competencies, learning outcomes, contents, methodologies, training activities and assessment). A probabilistic sample of 66 institutions was studied using descriptive statistics with statistical measures of central tendency and measures of variability. Results The results showed a maximum range of 12 and a minimum of 6 European Credit Transfer and Accumulation System. The definition and number of competencies to be developed varied and the learning outcomes were formulated in only 40.9% of the guides consulted. The most widely used teaching methodologies and training activities were academic supervision (87.9%) and autonomous work (80.3%). Regarding types of work, basic investigation (34.8%), care plans (33.3%) and literature review (30,3%) ranked highest. No specific descriptors could be linked to the contents. Finally, two main assessment tools were found: process and product. The rubric is presented as a main element of the assessment. Discussion and Conclusions The bachelor thesis is conceived as autonomous, personal and original academic work. But no homogeneity was observed in the key development elements such as competencies, teaching strategies, or type of bachelor thesis. Therefore, the findings from the analysis and the bibliographic review are presented as recommendations as regards the outcome, structure and/or teaching elements linked to the bachelor thesis.
Open Access
Analysis of Stigma in Relation to Behaviour and Attitudes towards Mental Health as Influenced by Social Desirability in Nursing Students
(MDPI, 2022) Giralt Palou, Rosa; Prat Vigué, Gemma; Romeu Labayen, Maria; Tort Nasarre, Glòria
The training undergraduate nursing students receive, both in terms of theoretical input and clinical practice, may help to instil a less stigmatising perception of mental health. To analyse the perceived evolution of attitudes and expected behaviours, a longitudinal repeated measures study was conducted in a population of student nurses during their undergraduate mental health education. The Mental Illness: Clinicians’ Attitudes Scale, a Scale for measuring attitudes to the mentally ill among future Health workers, and the Reported and Intended Behaviour Scale were completed. A mixed linear model was used to assess the effect of each factor in the questionnaires before and after the various stages of the students’ training in mental health. The overall effect of each factor was assessed by testing the interaction between factor and group, both with and without adjustment with the Social Desirability Scale. The results showed that the clinical practice stage, due to the proximity to care for people with mental health problems, improves attitudes and behaviours towards mental health in students who have not had mental health problems, and also in younger students. In conclusion, integrated, holistic training during the period of clinical practice was associated with positive changes in the attitudes and intended behaviour.
Open Access
Animal-Assisted Intervention Improves Pain Perception in Polymedicated Geriatric Patients with Chronic Joint Pain: A Clinical Trial
(MDPI, 2019-08-09) Rodrigo-Claverol, Maylos; Casanova Gonzalvo, Carles; Malla-Clua, Belén; Rodrigo-Claverol, Esther; Jové-Naval, Júlia; Ortega Bravo, Marta
Chronic joint pain is associated to an increase in the consumption of medication and decrease in life quality in elderly people, which requires developing non-pharmacological treatments. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectivity of a group intervention, based on animal-assisted therapy and applied to elderly people with chronic joint pain and polymedication, regarding the decrease of chronic pain, use of analgesics and improvement of life quality. A randomized controlled trial, two arms and open-label was conducted in a Primary Health Center. Twelve weekly sessions of kinesitherapy; in the EG, these exercises were performed with the additional assistance of the therapy dog. A total of 52 participants (22 Control Group (CG), 30 EG), average age 77.50 (±7.3), women 90.4%. A significant reduction on post-intervention values of pain β = −0.67(−1.27, −0.08), p = 0.03 and pain induced insomnia β = −0.53(−1.01, −0.05), p = 0.03 was found in EG for increasing baseline values. Animal-assisted therapy leads to an additional reduction in the perception of pain and pain induced insomnia in individuals with higher baseline severity. The presence of the dog improves the attachment to intervention and the satisfaction of the participants.
Open Access
Animal-Assisted Therapy Improves Communication and Mobility among Institutionalized People withCognitive Impairment
(MDPI, 2020) Rodrigo Claverol, Mª Dolores; Malla-Clua, Belén; Marquilles Bonet, Carme; Sol, Joaquim; Jové-Naval, Júlia; Solé Pujol, Meritxell; Ortega Bravo, Marta
Disorders of communication, social relationships, and psychomotricity are often characterized by cognitive impairment, which hinders daily activities and increases the risk of falls. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of an animal-assisted therapy (AAT) program in an institutionalized geriatric population with cognitive impairment. The variables evaluated included level of communication and changes in gait and/or balance. We performed a two-arm, parallel controlled, open-label, nonrandomized cluster clinical trial in two nursing home centers from an urban area. Patients in the two centers received 12 weekly sessions of physiotherapy, but the experimental group included AAT with a therapy dog. The study included a total of 46 patients (23 Control Group [CG], 23 Experimental Group [EG]) with a median age of 85.0 years. Of these, 32.6% had mild–moderate cognitive decline (Global Deterioration Scale of Reisberg [GDS] 2–4) and 67.4% severe cognitive decline (GDS 5–6). After the intervention, patients in the CG and EG showed a statistically significant improvement in all the response variables. When comparing both groups, no statistically significant differences were found in any of the Tinetti scale results (measuring gait and balance). However, the communication of patients in the EG, measured on the Holden scale, showed a statistically significant greater improvement postintervention than that of patients in the CG. AAT can be useful as a complementary, effective treatment for patients with different degrees of cognitive decline.
Open Access
Aplicación de la metodología aprendizaje servicio en el grado de Enfermería: percepción de los estudiantes
(CIDUI Congrés Internacional de Docència Universitària i Innovació, 2021) Godoy Pozo, Jessica; Illesca Pretty, Mónica; Seguel Palma, Fredy; Salas Quijada, Carmen Luz; Nuin Orrio, Carmen; Masot, Olga
Explorar la percepción de estudiantes de enfermería en la adquisición de competencias genéricas a través de la metodología Aprendizaje Servicio (AS). Investigación cualitativa, estudio intrínseco de casos. Los estudiantes señalanque la experiencia permite lograr autoeficacia, optimizar la identidad, incrementa habilidades trabajo en equipo, comunicación, liderazgo, actitudes éticas y de responsabilidad cívica, fortalece la participación ciudadana y respeto de la diversidad cultural y racial.
Open Access
Aplicación de la simulación en el grado de fisioterapia: Identificación de los factores psicosociales en el paciente con dolor crónico
(2020) Bravo Navarro, Cristina; Domingo Corchos, Manel; Orio Sallent, Aimar; Barranco Reixachs, David
El dolor crónico ha sobrevenido una de las principales causas de asistencia sanitaria comportando uno de los mayores gastos socioeconómicos mundiales. Más del 20% de la población de los países occidentales sufre de dolor crónico. La fisioterapia en la última década ha realizado un abordaje nuevo del dolor crónico dando lugar a numerosos estudios basados en el enfoque biopsicosocial. Este modelo contempla el dolor como una respuesta del cerebro después de un proceso de evaluación de las señales de peligro modificando incluso el entorno bioquímico celular. Esta nueva intervención contempla las banderas como factores pronósticos de la cronicidad del dolor en la fisioterapia. El sistema de banderas fue diseñado a finales del siglo pasado y utilizado como un factor de cribado para los fisioterapeutas. Aunque aún es incipiente la investigación en este campo, hay suficientes evidencias para incluir este nuevo enfoque en el grado de fisioterapia. Una manera fácil y efectiva para su aprendizaje es la simulación ya que plasma de una forma eminentemente práctica los factores psicosociales que pueden presentar los pacientes con dolor crónico. La simulación en los últimos años ha destacado como una herramienta de aprendizaje en conocimientos, competencias y habilidades dentro de las profesiones de salud. En concreto en el grado de fisioterapia ha demostrado la misma efectividad que otras estrategias alternativas en educación y es válido en niveles iniciales en el grado de fisioterapia. Postulamos que en este enfoque es mucho más útil y efectiva la simulación que en otras áreas de fisioterapia.