Repositori Obert UdL
The institutional repository collects, manages, disseminates and preserves publications in open access derived from the academic and research activity of the University of Lleida.
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Open Access
Tuber indicum and T. lijiangense colonization differentially regulates plant physiological responses and mycorrhizosphere bacterial community of castanopsis rockii seedlings
(Frontiers Media S.A., 2023) Huang, Lanlan; Li, Yongmei; Yuan, Jing; Wan, Shanping; Colinas, C. (Carlos); He, Xinhua; Shi, Xiaofei; Wang, Yanliang; Yu, Fuqiang
Black truffles and white truffles are widely studied around the world, but their effects on plant growth and physiological responses, and on the mycorrhizosphere bacterial community of the host plant remain unclear. Here, mycorrhizal colonization of Castanopsis rockii by Tuber indicum (Chinese black truffle) and T. lijiangense (Chinese white truffle), respectively, was induced in a greenhouse study, and their effects on host growth, physiological responses and mycorrhizosphere bacterial communities were compared. The results show that colonization of both Tuber species significantly increased leaf photosynthetic rate, leaf P concentration and mycorrhizosphere acid phosphatase activity, as well as richness of mycorrhizosphere bacterial communities of C. rockii seedlings. However, T. indicum colonization on the one hand significantly decreased tartrate content, bacterial acid phosphatase, phoC gene abundance in the mycorrhizosphere, and peroxidase (POD) activity of ectomycorrhizal root tips, but on the other hand increased mycorrhizosphere pH and superoxide dismutase (SOD) of ectomycorrhizal root tips, compared to T. lijiangense colonization. Moreover, principal coordinate and β-diversity analyses show significant differences in mycorrhizosphere bacterial community composition between T. indicum and T. lijiangese colonized C. rockii seedlings. Finally, the relative abundance of the bacterium Agromyces cerinus significantly correlated to mycorrhizosphere acid phosphatase activity and leaf P concentration, suggesting that this bacterium might play an important role in P mobilization and acquisition. Overall, these results suggest that T. indicum and T. lijiangense differently regulate their host plant’s physiological responses and mycorrhizosphere bacterial community.
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Open Access
Bioavailability of organosulfur compounds after the ingestion of black garlic by healthy humans
(MDPI, 2023) Moreno-Ortega, Alicia; Pereira-Caro, Gema; Motilva Casado, Mª José; Ludwig, Iziar A.
The consumption of black garlic has been related to a decreased risk of many human diseases due to the presence of phytochemicals such as organosulfur compounds (OSCs). However, information on the metabolization of these compounds in humans is limited. By means of ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS), this study aims to determine the OSCs and their metabolites excreted in urine 24 h after an acute intake of 20 g of black garlic by healthy humans. Thirty-three OSCs were identified and quantified, methiin (17,954 ± 6040 nmol), isoalliin (15,001 ± 9241 nmol), S-(2-carboxypropyl)-L-cysteine (8804 ± 7220 nmol) and S-propyl-L-cysteine (deoxypropiin) (7035 ± 1392 nmol) being the main ones. Also detected were the metabolites N-acetyl-S-allyl-L-cysteine (NASAC), N-acetyl-S-allyl-L-cysteine sulfoxide (NASACS) and N-acetyl-S-(2-carboxypropyl)-L-cysteine (NACPC), derived from S-allyl-L-cysteine (SAC), alliin and S-(2-carboxypropyl)-L-cysteine, respectively. These compounds are potentially N-acetylated in the liver and kidney. The total excretion of OSCs 24 h after the ingestion of black garlic was 64,312 ± 26,584 nmol. A tentative metabolic pathway has been proposed for OSCs in humans.
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Open Access
Wheat yield is not causally related to the duration of the growing season.
(Elsevier, 2023) Slafer, Gustavo A.; Savin, Roxana; Sadras, Víctor O.
A common conceptual model for crop growth analysis assumes biomass is proportional to the accumulation of radiation intercepted by the canopy during the growing season, and yield is the product of biomass and harvest index. This model assumes that biomass and harvest index are independent, and that biomass has the same value for yield across developmental stages; here we focus on the latter assumption. A corollary of this model is that yield and duration of the growing season are causally related. In this article, we analyse the evidence for and against this causal relationship. We use both a physiological perspective and agronomic evidence to challenge this causality. An alternative, phenology-focused model is outlined that is based on the following principles: crops accommodate environmental variation through grain number, grain number is defined in a species-specific critical developmental period, and grain number is a function of three traits in the critical period: duration, growth rate, and partitioning to reproduction. Against this framework, we analyse dual purpose wheat, where a substantial part of the biomass is removed, effectively shortening the growing season, with little or no effect on yield; timing of nitrogen fertilisation, where delayed application reduces the growth rate early in the season, with little or no effect on yield; and the correlation between season length and yield of winter wheat and spring wheat - wheat yield in Southern Chile, with a sowing-to-maturity season of ∼ 5 months, could be as high as that of winter wheat in the UK, with a sowing-to-maturity season of ∼ 10 months. Physiological principles and agronomic evidence support the conclusion that the duration of, and growth rate and partitioning during the critical period, rather than the duration of the growing season, are the drivers of wheat yield.
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Open Access
Measurement of Methane and Ammonia Emissions from Compost-Bedded Pack Systems in Dairy Barns: Tilling Effect and Seasonal Variations
(MDPI, 2023-06-04) Fuertes Gimeno, Esperanza; Balcells Terés, Joaquim; Maynegre Santaulària, Jordi; de la Fuente Oliver, Gabriel; Sarri Espinosa, Laura; Seradj, Ahmad Reza
Dairy cattle contribute to environmental harm as a source of polluting gas emissions, mainly of enteric origin, but also from manure management, which varies among housing systems. Compost-bedded pack systems use manure as bedding material, which is composted in situ daily. As current literature referring to their impact on NH3 and CH4 emissions is scarce, this study aims to characterize the emissions of these two gases originating from three barns of this system, differentiating between two emission phases: static emission and dynamic emission. In addition, the experiment differentiated emissions between winter and summer. Dynamic emission, corresponding to the time of the day when the bed is being composted, increased over 3 and 60 times the static emission of NH3 and CH4, respectively. In terms of absolute emissions, both gases presented higher emissions during summer (1.86 to 4.08 g NH3 m−2 day−1 and 1.0 to 4.75 g CH4 m−2 day−1 for winter and summer, respectively). In this way, contaminant gases produced during the tilling process of the manure, especially during the warmer periods of the year, need to be taken into account as they work as a significant factor in emissions derived from compost-bedded pack systems.
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Open Access
Awned versus awnless wheat spikes: does it matter?
(Elsevier, 2023) Sanchez-Bragado, Rut; Molero, Gemma; Araus Ortega, José Luis; Slafer, Gustavo A.
Awnless and awned wheat is found across the globe. Archeological and historical records show that the wheat spike was predominantly awned across the many millennia following domestication. Thus, ancient farmers did not select against awns at least until the last millennium. Here, we describe the evolution and domestication of wheat awns, quantifying their role in spike photosynthesis and yield under contrasting environments. Awns increase grain weight directly (increasing the size of all grains) or indirectly (increasing the failure of distal grains), but not as a consequence of additional spike photosynthesis. However, a trade-off is produced through decreasing grain number. Thus, favorable effects of awns on yield are not consistently found across environments.